Dielectric ceramic compositions and dielectric resonators

ABSTRACT

The invention provides a dielectric ceramic including as the main component a complex oxide formed of both Zr and Ti, at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of {Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn} and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of {Nb and Ta} and a TE 01  δ-mode dielectric resonator including the dielectric ceramic, and also the invention provides a dielectric ceramic composition expressed by Formula (a): 
     
         xZrO.sub.2 --yTiO.sub.2 --zA.sub.(1+w)/3 Nb.sub.(2-w)/3 O.sub.2Formula (a) 
    
     wherein A denotes at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of {Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn}, 
     x, y and z denote molar fractions ranging from 0.10 to 0.60, 0.20 to 0.60 and 0.01 to 0.70, respectively, and have the relation represented by Formula (a): 
     
         x+y+z=1                                                    Formula (a) 
    
     and w denotes a value of 0 to 1.50, and a TE 01  δ-mode dielectric resonator in which using the dielectric ceramic.

This application is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/115,643 filed Sep. 2, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,843.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to dielectric ceramics and dielectric resonators for use in such high-frequency ranges as microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Recently, dielectric ceramics have been widely used in dielectric resonators and filters in microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies at wavelengths of several centimeters or less (hereinafter referred to as microwave in general). It is required that a dielectric material for use in such applications have a high unloaded Q (Qu) value and dielectric constant ε_(r), and that the temperature coefficient at resonant frequency τ_(f) be variable as desired.

Various materials appropriate for use in such applications have been conventionally reported, among which ZrTiO₄ ceramics are included. Also included in such materials are ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ ceramics, the ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ --MgO ceramic suggested in Japanese Laid-Open Patent No. 62-132769 and the ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ --CoO--Nb₂ O₅ ceramic in No. 2-192460 for example.

However, although ZrTiO₄ ceramics have a high dielectric constant of 45, the temperature coefficient at resonant frequency is high in the positive side at 54 ppm/°C., and the temperature coefficient is significantly varied by the heating history during sintering. ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ ceramic systems achieved a low temperature coefficient at a resonant frequency of nearly zero, but the heating history problems were not solved satisfactorily.

In addition, conventional materials have problems such as the dielectric constant and unloaded Q value are low, and that the temperature coefficient at resonant frequency cannot be varied as desired.

Moreover, although the product of resonant frequency (f)×Qu value is generally regarded as being constant in a given material, when f is lowered (that is, an element is enlarged), actually, the product fQu is reduced (decreased). Therefore, there is a strong demand for a dielectric element for microwave applications such as a dielectric resonator for a base station of mobile radio communication systems used in a relatively low frequency range with a higher unloaded Q value. Furthermore, because dielectric resonators used in the relatively low frequency ranges are very bulky, reduction in size is highly desired.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to provide ZrTiO₄ and ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ dielectric ceramics with less variation of temperature coefficient at their resonant frequency due to heating history during sintering.

It is another object of the invention to provide dielectric ceramics that have a high unloaded Q value and high dielectric constant, and have a temperature coefficient at resonant frequency which is variable as desired.

It is still another object of the invention to provide TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonators having a high unloaded Q value in a frequency range of 0.8 to 5 GHz with a compact size.

The subject of the invention is to achieve one of these objects or to achive more than two objects at the same time.

The invention relates to a dielectric ceramic comprising as the main component a complex oxide formed of both Zr and Ti, at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta.

The invention also relates to a dielectric ceramic composition expressed by Formula (a):

    xZrO.sub.2 --yTiO.sub.2 --zA.sub.(1+w)/3 Nb.sub.(2-w)/3 O.sub.2Formula (a)

wherein A denotes at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn,

x, y and z denote molar fractions ranging from 0.10 to 0.60, 0.20 to 0.60 and 0.01 to 0.70, respectively, and have the relation represented by Formula (a):

    x+y+z=1                                                    Formula (a)

and w denotes a value of 0 to 1.50.

The invention also relates to a dielectric ceramic composition expressed by Formula (b):

    xZrO.sub.2 --yTiO.sub.2 --zA.sub.(1+w)/3 Ta.sub.(2-w)/3 O.sub.2Formula (b)

wherein A denotes at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn,

x, y and z denote molar fractions ranging from 0.10 to 0.60, 0.10 to 0.60 and 0.01 to 0.80, respectively, and have the relation represented by Formula (a):

    x+y+z=1                                                    Formula (a)

and w denotes a value of 0 to 1.00.

The invention also relates to a dielectric ceramic in which the main component comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, or the main component crystallographically comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta.

The invention also relates to a dielectric ceramic in which the main component comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, or the main component crystallographically comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, wherein the molar fraction ratio of the total amount of the group (A) components to the total amount of the group (B) components ranges from 0.5 to 1.0.

The invention also relates to a TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator comprising a dielectric ceramic which comprises as the main component a complex oxide formed of both Zr and Ti, at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta.

The invention also relates to a TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator comprising a dielectric ceramic expressed by Formula (a):

    xZrO.sub.2 --yTiO.sub.2 --zA.sub.(1+w)/3 Nb.sub.(2-w)/3 O.sub.2Formula (a)

wherein A denotes at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn,

x, y and z denote molar fractions ranging from 0.10 to 0.60, 0.20 to 0.60 and 0.01 to 0.70, respectively, and have the relation represented by Formula (a):

    x+y+z=1                                                    Formula (a)

and w denotes a value of 0 to 1.50.

The invention also relates to a TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator comprising a dielectric ceramic expressed by Formula (b):

    xZrO.sub.2 --yTiO.sub.2 --zA.sub.(1+w)/3 Ta.sub.(2-w)/3 O.sub.2Formula (b)

wherein A denotes at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn,

x, y and z denote molar fractions ranging from 0.10 to 0.60, 0.10 to 0.60 and 0.01 to 0.80, respectively, and have the relation represented by Formula (a):

    x+y+z=1                                                    Formula (a)

and w denotes a value of 0 to 1.00.

The invention also relates to a TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator in which the main component comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, or the main component crystallographically comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta.

The invention also relates to a TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator in which the main component comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, or the main component crystallographically comprises a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, wherein the molar fraction ratio of the total amount of the group (A) components to the total amount of the group (B) components ranges from 0.5 to 1.0.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Any compound such as oxide, carbonate, hydroxide, alkoxide of the component elements described above may be used as an initial material of the dielectric ceramic according to the present invention.

As blending methods of powdery raw materials, wet blending for mixing the materials with water or organic solvent in a ball mill and dry blending for mixing them by a mixer or a ball mill, etc. without using any solvent are generally known, and any of these methods may be employed. Alternatively, the alkoxide method and coprecipitation method may be used depending on the initial materials. This means that various known methods applicable to manufacture of dielectric ceramics can be employed. Because the process is thus comparatively uncomplicated, and a homogeneous mixture can be easily obtained, it is desirable to employ the wet blending method for mixing them in a ball mill by using a solvent, and a dispersing agent may be additionally used for increasing the dispersing property of powders, or pH adjustment may be performed.

Although calcination of the mixture is not required, the sintering time can be reduced by calcination. Although the calcination temperature depends on the particular compositions, it is generally in the order of 2 to 8 hrs at about 800° to 1250° C.

For milling of the calcined material or mixture, any such method of using a ball mill, high-speed rotor mill, media agitating mill and jet mill may be employed.

For molding, press molding is generally employed to obtain a desired shape. Although not specifically limited, the pressure used in the press molding is generally in a range of approximately 0.5 to 1.5 ton/cm².

Although the sintering is not specifically limited, as it depends on the particular compositions and dimensions of the moldings, it is generally desirable to perform firing at a temperature of approximately 400° to 700° C. for about 1 to 100 hrs in order to remove binders, then, at approximately 1300° to 1650° C. for about 1 to 10 hrs.

EXAMPLE 1

As initial materials, ZrO₂, TiO₂, MgO, CoO, ZnO, NiO, Nb₂ O₅ and MnCO₃ of high chemical purity were, weighed so as to make a predetermined compositions as shown in Table 1 at the end of this specification, and wet-blended with ethanol by using a ball mill. The volume ratio between the powders and ethanol was approximately 2:3. The mixture was removed from the ball mill, dried, and calcined for 2 hours at 1000 ° C. in the air. The calcination product was wet-milled in the ball mill with ethanol. After the milled slurry was removed from the ball mill and dried, the powders were mixed with 8% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol solution of 6% in concentration added thereto as a binder, homogenized, and granulated by sieving through 32 mesh screen. The granulated powders were molded into a disk of 7 mm in diameter and approximately 3 mm in thickness by using molds and an oil hydraulic press at a molding pressure of 1.3 ton/cm². The molding was placed in a magnesia vessel of high purity, kept in the air at a temperature of 600° C. for 4 hrs to remove binders, then retained in the air at 1500° C. for 24 hrs for sintering, and quenched (taken out of a furnace and air-cooled) or slowly cooled (at a cooling rate of 20° C./hr) thereafter, and dielectric ceramics were obtained.

The resonant frequency was obtained from measurement by the dielectric rod resonator method. The temperature coefficient at resonant frequency τ_(f) was obtained in a range between -25° and 85° C.

Compositions of dielectric ceramics thus produced are shown in Table 1, and cooling conditions after sintering and temperature coefficients at resonant frequency (ppm/°C.) in Table 2. In Table 1 and Table 2, those with an asterisk are comparison examples.

As recognized from the results shown in Table 2, in dielectric ceramics of sample Nos. 3 to 10 variation of temperature coefficient at resonant frequency due to the heating history during sintering of ZrTiO₄ and ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ ceramics are reduced. In addition, similar effects were confirmed in dielectric ceramics with 0.5 mol % of at least one compound of Al₂ O₃, SiO₂, BaCO₃, SrCO₃, La₂ O₃ and Sm₂ O₃ added to those of sample Nos. 3 to 10. Other components may be added as long as the objects of the invention are not adversely affected.

According to the first aspect of the invention, variation of temperature coefficient at resonant frequency due to the heating history during sintering of ZrTiO₄ and ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ ceramics can be reduced.

EXAMPLE 2

As initial materials, ZrO₂, TiO₂, MgO, CoO, ZnO, NiO, MnCO₃ and Nb₂ O₅ of high chemical purity were used, weighed so as to make a predetermined composition as shown in Table 3, and wet-blended with ethanol by using a ball mill. The volume ratio between the powders and ethanol was approximately 2:3. The mixture was removed from the ball mill, dried, and calcined for 2 to 8 hrs at a temperature of 800° to 1250° C. in the air. The calcination product was wet-milled in the ball mill with ethanol. After the milled slurry was removed from the ball mill and dried, the powders were mixed with 8% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol solution of 6% in concentration added thereto as a binder, homogenized, and granulated by sieving through 32 mesh screen. The granulated powders were molded into a disk of 7 mm in diameter and approximately 3 mm in thickness by using molds and an oil hydraulic press at a molding pressure of 1.3 ton/cm². The molding was placed in a magnesia vessel of high purity, kept in the air at a temperature of 400° to 700° C. for 4 to 8 hrs to remove binders, and retained thereafter in the air at a temperature of 1300° to 1650° C. for one to 100 hrs for sintering, and dielectric ceramics were obtained. The resonant frequency, unloaded Q (Qu) value and dielectric constant ε_(r) were obtained by measurement with the dielectric rod resonator method. The temperature coefficient at resonant frequency τ_(f) was obtained in a range between -25° and 85° C. The resonant frequency was within a range of 5 to 10 GHz.

The dielectric constants, temperature coefficients at resonant frequency (ppm/°C.) and unloaded Q values obtained in such manner are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, those with an asterisk are comparison examples.

As is obvious from the results shown in Table 3, in dielectric ceramic compositions within a composition range of the second aspect of the invention, the dielectric constant is kept at a high value at microwave frequencies, while a high unloaded Q value is provided.

On the contrary, when x is higher than 0.6, the unloaded Q value is significantly reduced as observed in sample Nos. 54 to 56 (Tables 3-2 and 3-3),and 123 (Table 3-6). In addition, when x is below 0.10, the unloaded Q value is reduced as shown in sample Nos. 60, 61 (Table 3-3) and 126 (Table 3-7), and the objects of the invention cannot readily be achieved.

As recognized in sample Nos. 26 to 29 (Table 3-1) and 116 (Table 3-6), since the unloaded Q value is significantly reduced, when y is higher than 0.60, and the unloaded Q value is excessively low, as seen in sample Nos. 15 to 18 (Table 3-1) and 114 (Table 3-6), when y is below 0.20, the objects of the invention cannot readily be achieved.

When z is higher than 0.70, the unloaded Q value is reduced as observed in sample Nos. 30 to 33 (Table 3-1) and No. 117 (Table 3-6); and the temperature coefficient at resonant frequency is excessively high and the unloaded Q value is significantly reduced as in sample No. 36 (Table 3-2) when z is below 0.01, the objects of the invention cannot readily be achieved. Additionally, although the unloaded Q value can be improved by increasing w to a higher value than 0, however, when w exceeds 1.50, the unloaded Q value is reduced as shown in sample Nos. 93 to 96 (Tables 3-4 and 3-5) and 133 (Table 3-7). However, even in the case of sample No. 133, its properties were better than those of conventional dielectric ceramics.

Incidentally, it was confirmed within the composition range of the example that the unloaded Q value was improved by using A, which is at least one element selected from Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, and Nb oxide that were calcined beforehand at a temperature of 800° to 1200° C.

Moreover, it was confirmed within the composition range of the example that the degree of sintering was improved by slightly adding an additive, and the properties were not significantly inferior. For example, although the sintering temperature was reduced by approximately 50° C., when 0.08 wt. % of Al₂ O₃ was added to sample No. 105 (Table 3-5), and was reduced by approximately 25° C., when 0.08 wt. % of SiO₂ was added, the properties were not changed significantly in either case. Moreover, even in the case of dielectric ceramic with 0.1 mol% of at least one compound of BaCO₃, SrCO₃, La₂ O₃ and Sm₂ O₃ added thereto, the properties were not significantly changed. Other components may be added as far as the objects of the invention are not adversely affected.

EXAMPLE 3

As initial materials, ZrO₂, TiO₂, MgO, CoO, ZnO, NiO, MnCO₃ and Ta₂ O₅ of high chemical purity were used, weighed so as to make a predetermined composition as shown in Table 4 and wet-blended with ethanol by using a ball mill. The volume ratio between the powders and ethanol was approximately 2:3. The mixture was removed from the ball mill, dried, and calcined for 2 to 8 hrs at a temperature of 900° to 1250° C. in the air. The calcination product was wet-milled in the ball mill with ethanol. After the milled slurry was removed from the ball mill and dried, the powders were mixed with 8% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol solution of 6% in concentration added thereto as a binder, homogenized, and granulated by sieving through 32 mesh screen. The granulated powders were molded into a disk of 7 mm in diameter and approximately 3 mm in thickness by using molds and an oil hydraulic press at a molding pressure of 1.3 ton/cm². The molding was placed in a magnesia vessel of high purity, kept in the air at a temperature of 400° to 700° C. for 4 to 8 hrs for removing binders, and succeedingly retained in the air at a temperature of 1300° to 1650° C. for 1 to 100 hrs for sintering, and dielectric ceramics were obtained.

The resonant frequency, unloaded Q (Qu) value and dielectric constant ε_(r) were obtained from measurement by the dielectric rod resonator method. The temperature coefficient at resonant frequency τ_(f) was obtained in a range between -25° and 85° C. The resonant frequency was within a range of 5 to 10 GHz.

The dielectric constants, temperature coefficients at resonant frequency (ppm/°C.) and unloaded Q values obtained in such manner are shown in Table 4. In Table 4, those with an asterisk are comparison examples outside the range of the invention.

As obviously recognized from a result shown in Table 4, in dielectric ceramic compositions within the composition range of the third aspect of the invention, the dielectric constant is kept at a high value at microwave frequencies, while providing a high unloaded Q value.

Within the composition range of the invention, when x is higher than 0.60, because the unloaded Q value is significantly reduced as-shown in sample No. 152 (Table 4-1), the objects of the invention cannot readily be achieved. Also, when x is below 0.10, since the unloaded Q value is reduced as in sample No. 155 (Table 4-2), the objects of the invention cannot easily be fulfilled.

The unloaded Q value is significantly reduced as seen in sample No. 138 (Table 4-1), when y is higher than 0.60; and the unloaded Q value is too low as in sample No. 134 (Table 4-1), when y is below 0.10 as well, the objects of the invention cannot readily be achieved.

The unloaded Q value is reduced as observed in sample No. 139 (Table 4-1), when z is higher than 0.80; and it is significantly reduced as in sample No. 141 (Table 4-1), when z is lower than 0.01, thus, the objects of the invention cannot readily be achieved.

In addition, although the unloaded Q value can be improved by increasing w to a higher value than 0, the objects of the invention cannot be attained, because the unloaded Q value is significantly reduced, when w is higher than 1.00, as recognized in sample No. 168 (Table 4-2).

Incidentally, it was confirmed within the composition range of the example that the unloaded Q value was superior when powdery oxide of A, which is at least one element selected from Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, and powdery oxide of Ta calcined beforehand at a temperature of 800° to 1200° C. was used.

Moreover, it was confirmed within the composition range of the invention that the degree of sintering could be enhanced by slightly adding an additive, and the properties were not significantly inferior. For example, although the sintering temperature was reduced by approximately 100° C. when 0.08 wt. % of Al₂ O₃ was added to sample No. 151 (Table 4-1); and it was reduced by approximately 50° C. when 0.08 wt.% of SiO₂ was added, the properties were not changed significantly in either case. Furthermore, even in the case of dielectric ceramics with 0.1 mol % of at least one compound of BaCO₃, SrCO₃, La₂ O₃ and Sm₂ O₃ added thereto, the properties were not significantly reduced. Other components may be added as far as the objects of the invention are not adversely affected.

Additionally, a ZrTiO₄ phase or one recognized as being crystallographically a ZrTiO₄ phase was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction of a dielectric ceramic within the composition range of Examples 1 to 3 of the invention. It was further confirmed in composition analysis by a local X-ray diffractometer of a fracture surface and polished surface of dielectric ceramic having, as the main component, a ZrTiO₄ phase or crystallographically a ZrTiO₄ phase that all components of Zr, Ti, A and B wherein A is at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, and B is at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, were present in a single grain, and their composition ratio was consistent with the composition ratio between other grains that constitute the main phase in the same dielectric ceramic. It was also confirmed that all components A and B blended were present in a single grain. Moreover, it was confirmed that a dielectric ceramic with components Zr, Ti, A and B present in a single grain showed a higher lattice constant in comparison with a ZrTiO₄ ceramic not containing A and B obtained under the same sintering conditions. Accordingly, it was confirmed that components A and B are substituted in the ZrTiO₄ phase or the crystallographically ZrTiO₄ phase.

Such dielectric ceramic specifically showed a high unloaded Q value, high dielectric constant, and was superior in thermo-stability at resonant frequency, and the unloaded Q value was even higher, when the molar fraction ratio of component A to component B was 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.

It would be appreciated that dielectric ceramics according to the fourth-and fifth aspects of the invention are capable of maintaining the dielectric constant at a high value at microwave frequencies, while providing a high unloaded Q value, and are superior in thermo-stability at resonant frequency.

EXAMPLE 4

As initial materials, ZrO₂, TiO₂, MgO, CoO, ZnO, NiO, MnCO₃ and Nb₂ O₅ of high chemical purity were used, weighed so as to make a predetermined composition as shown in Table 5, and wet-blended with ethanol by using a ball mill. The volume ratio between the powders and ethanol was approximately 2:3. The mixture was removed from the ball mill, dried, and calcined for 2 to 8 hours at a temperature of 900° to 1250° C. in the air. The calcination product was wet-milled in the ball mill with ethanol. After the milled slurry was removed from the ball mill and dried, the powders were mixed with 10% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol solution of 6% in concentration added thereto as a binder, homogenized, and granulated by sieving them through 32 mesh screen. The granulated powders were molded into cylinders of 16, 35 and 70 mm in diameter by using molds and an oil hydraulic press at a molding pressure of 1 ton/cm² . The ratio between diameter and thickness of the molding was arranged to be approximately 2:1. The moldings were placed in a magnesia vessel of high purity, kept in the air at a temperature of 400° to 700° C. for 2 to 100 hrs to remove binders, and then retained in the air at a temperature of 1300° to 1650° C. for 1 to 100 hrs for sintering, and dielectric ceramics were obtained. The dielectric ceramic was placed in the center of a cylindrical cavity made of copper with silver plating (10 μm thick), and a dielectric resonator utilizing TE₀₁ δ-mode resonance of the dielectric by electromagnetic wave emitted from an antenna placed in a side surface of the cavity was constructed. The inner dimensions of the cylindrical copper cavity were about four times larger than the diameter and thickness of the dielectric ceramic, respectively, and the thickness was 5 mm. The resonant frequency and Qu value were obtained by measurement with a vector network analyzer. In the case of a molding with a diameter of 16 mm, the resonant frequencies were 2 to 5 GHz, 35 mm, 1 to 2.5 GHz, and 70 mm, 0.6 to 1.5 GHz.

The resonant frequencies (f) and products f×Qu value obtained in such manner are shown in Table 5. In Table 5, those with an asterisk are comparison examples outside the range of the invention.

As evidently seen from a result shown in Table 5, the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator according to the seventh aspect of the invention has a high unloaded Q value in microwave frequency range and a significantly high unloaded Q value in a relatively low frequency range.

In addition, the volume of dielectric ceramic at resonant frequency of 0.8 GHz is approximately 113 cc in ZrO₂ -SnO₂ -TiO₂ ceramic (ε_(r) -37.0) and 200 cc in Ba(Mg_(1/3) Ta_(2/3))O₃ ceramic (ε_(r) =24.0), for example, while the volume of sample No. 177 (Table 5-1) of the invention, for example, is about 83 cc. As the volume of TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator corresponds to that of the dielectric ceramic, the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator according to the seventh aspect of the invention comes to be significantly compact in a relatively low frequency range. Moreover, since the dielectric ceramic is reduced in size and weight as compared with conventional ones, material and manufacturing costs for such a dielectric resonator are reduced.

EXAMPLE 5

As initial materials, ZrO₂, TiO₂, MgO, CoO, ZnO, NiO, MnCO₃ and Ta₂ O₅ of high chemical purity were used, weighed so as to make a predetermined composition as shown in Table 6 and wet-blended with ethanol by using a ball mill. The volume ratio-between the powders and ethanol was approximately 2:3. The mixture was removed from the ball mill, dried, and calcined for 2 to 8 hours at a temperature of 900° to 1250° C. in the air. The calcination product was wet-milled in the ball mill with ethanol. After the milled slurry was removed from the ball mill and dried, the powders were mixed with 8% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol solution of 6% in concentration added thereto as a binder, homogenized, and granulated by sieving them through 32 mesh screen. The granulated powders were molded into disks of 7, 16, 42 and 70 mm in diameter by using molds and an oil hydraulic press at a molding pressure of 1.3 ton/cm². The ratio between diameter and thickness of the molding was arranged to be approximately 2:1. The moldings were placed in a magnesia vessel of high purity, and kept in the air at a temperature of 1300° to 1650° C. for 1 to 100 hrs for sintering, and dielectric ceramics were obtained. The dielectric ceramic was placed in the center of a cylindrical cavity made of copper with silver plating (10 μm thick), and a dielectric resonator utilizing TE₀₁ δ-mode resonance of the dielectric by electromagnetic wave emitted from an antenna placed in a side surface of the cavity was constructed. The inner dimensions of the cylindrical copper cavity were about four times larger than the diameter and thickness of the dielectric ceramic, respectively, and the thickness was 5 mm. The resonant frequency and Qu value were obtained by measurement with a vector network analyzer. In the case of a molding with a diameter of 7 mm, the resonant frequencies were 8 to 9 GHz, 16 mm, 3 to 4 GHz, 42 mm, 1 to 2 GHz, and 70 mm, 0.6 to 0.9 GHz.

The values of the resonant frequencies (f) and products f×Qu obtained in such manner are shown in Table 6. In Table 6, those with an asterisk are comparison examples outside the range of the invention.

As is evident from the results shown in Table 6, the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator according to the eighth aspect of the invention has a high unloaded Q value in microwave frequency range and a significantly high unloaded Q value in a relatively low frequency range.

In addition, the volume of dielectric ceramic at resonant frequency of 0.8 GHz is approximately 113 cc in ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ ceramic (ε_(r) =37.0), and about 200 cc in Ba(Mg_(1/3) Ta_(2/3))O₃ ceramic (ε_(r) =24.0), for example, while the volume of sample No. 211 of the invention, for example, is about 98 cc. As the volume of TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator corresponds to that of dielectric ceramic, the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator according to the eighth aspect of the invention comes to be significantly compact in a relatively low frequency range. Moreover, since the dielectric ceramic is reduced in size and weight as compared with conventional ones, the material and manufacturing costs of such a dielectric resonator are reduced.

Although a dielectric ceramic of cylindrical shape is used in Examples 4 and 5, it is not limited to such shape, and it was confirmed by the inventors that the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator having an equivalent or higher unloaded Q value can be constructed by using, for example, an annular dielectric ceramic as well.

As shown in Example 1, because a dielectric ceramic having, as the main component, a complex oxide formed of Zr, Ti, at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta reduces variation of temperature coefficient at resonant frequency due to the heating history during sintering of ZrTiO₄ and ZrO₂ --SnO₂ --TiO₂ ceramics, the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator comprising such dielectric ceramic, that is, the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator according to the sixth aspect of the invention is useful.

Also, the existence of the ZrTiO₄ phase or crystallographically ZrTiO₄ phase was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction in the dielectric ceramics of Examples 1 to 5 of the invention. Moreover, it was confirmed in composition analysis by a local X-ray diffractometer of a fracture surface and polished surface of dielectric ceramic having, as the main component, ZrTiO₄ phase or crystallographically ZrTiO₄ phase that all components Zr, Ti, A and B, wherein A is at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, and B is at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta, were present in a single grain, and their composition ratio agreed with that of other grains that constitute the main phase in the same dielectric ceramic. It was also confirmed that all components A and B blended were present in a single grain. It was further confirmed that a dielectric ceramic with components Zr, Ti, A and B present in a single grain showed a higher lattice constant in comparison with ZrTiO₄ ceramic obtained in the same sintering condition. Accordingly, it was confirmed that components A and B are substituted in the ZrTiO₄ phase or crystallographically ZrTiO₄ phase.

Such dielectric ceramic specifically showed a high unloaded Q value and high dielectric constant, and were superior in thermo-stability at resonant frequency, and the unloaded Q value was even higher, when the A:B molar fraction ratio was 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less. In other words, the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonators according to the ninth and tenth aspects of the invention have a high unloaded Q value, while maintaining the dielectric constant at a high value at microwave frequencies, and are superior in thermo-stability at resonant frequency.

Especially, in the dielectric ceramic compositions according to the invention, above all sample Nos. 43 to 53, 62 to 92, 97 to 113 and 112 are specifically superior as compositions in which the dielectric constant and unloaded Q value are high, the temperature coefficient at resonant frequency is low, and niobium which is less expensive than tantalum is used. In addition, as dielectric resonators, sample Nos. 117, 180, 183, 186 to 188, 194 and 195 are particularly superior in such aspect that niobium which costs less than tantalum is used.

According to the dielectric ceramic of the invention, variation of temperature coefficient at resonant frequency due to heat history during sintering of ZrTiO₄ and ZrO₂ -SnO₂ -TiO₂ ceramics can be reduced, a high unloaded Q value is provided, and the temperature coefficient at resonant frequency can be changed as desired without reducing the dielectric constant. In other words, a dielectric ceramic having the temperature coefficient of desired value can be obtained by changing the content of the components of the dielectric ceramic composition.

Furthermore, according to the structure of the TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator of the invention, a dielectric resonator having a high unloaded Q value in a frequency range of 0.8 to 5 GHz with a compact size can be achieved.

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Sample                                                                              Composition (molar fraction)                                              NO.  Zr Ti  Mg Co  Zn Ni  Mn Nb  Ta Sn                                         __________________________________________________________________________      *1, *2                                                                             0.50                                                                              0.50                                                                               0  0   0  0   0  0   0  0                                           3, 4                                                                               0.35                                                                              0.50                                                                               0.05                                                                              0   0  0   0  0.10                                                                               0  0                                           5, 6                                                                               0.35                                                                              0.50                                                                               0  0.05                                                                               0  0   0  0.10                                                                               0  0                                           7, 8                                                                               0.35                                                                              0.50                                                                               0.01                                                                              0.01                                                                               0.01                                                                              0.01                                                                               0.01                                                                              0.10                                                                               0  0                                           9, 10                                                                              0.35                                                                              0.50                                                                               0.01                                                                              0.01                                                                               0.01                                                                              0.01                                                                               0.01                                                                              0.05                                                                               0.05                                                                              0                                          *11, *12                                                                            0.40                                                                              0.50                                                                               0  0   0  0   0  0   0  0.10                                       *13, *14                                                                            0.32                                                                              0.50                                                                               0  0.03                                                                               0  0   0  0.05                                                                               0  0.10                                       __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         Sample     Cooling condition                                                   No.        after sintering                                                                             τ.sub.f (ppm/°C.)                           ______________________________________                                         *1         Quenching    53.7                                                   *2         Slow cooling 64.3                                                   3          Quenching    3.5                                                    4          Slow cooling 3.8                                                    5          Quenching    5.2                                                    6          Slow cooling 3.9                                                    7          Quenching    4.9                                                    8          Slow cooling 4.8                                                    9          Quenching    0.5                                                    10         Slow cooling 0.9                                                    *11        Quenching    -8.7                                                   *12        Slow cooling 1.2                                                    *13        Quenching    -24.5                                                  *14        Slow cooling -16.3                                                  ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 3-1                                                        ______________________________________                                                       Composition                                                      Sample        (molar fraction) (Value)                                         No.   A       x      y    z    w    ε.sub.r                                                                     τ.sub.f                                                                          Q.sub.u                         ______________________________________                                         *15   Mg      0.400  0.150                                                                               0.450                                                                               0    30.2 -85.2  950                            *16   Co      0.400  0.150                                                                               0.450                                                                               0    29.8 -70.5  850                            *17   Zn      0.400  0.150                                                                               0.450                                                                               0    30.0 -88.6  980                            *18   Ni      0.400  0.150                                                                               0.450                                                                               0    30.5 -69.5  850                             19   Mg      0.200  0.200                                                                               0.600                                                                               0    30.0 -48.5 9000                             20   Co      0.200  0.200                                                                               0.600                                                                               0    28.6 -35.6 9300                             21   Ni      0.200  0.200                                                                               0.600                                                                               0    28.0 -30.8 8200                             22   Mg      0.450  0.200                                                                               0.350                                                                               0    31.8 -50.0 5200                             23   Co      0.450  0.200                                                                               0.350                                                                               0    32.6 -28.9 5700                             24   Mg      0.200  0.600                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    57.5  47.5 5500                             25   Zn      0.200  0.600                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    55.5  40.0 6200                            *26   Mg      0.150  0.700                                                                               0.150                                                                               0    74.5  189.5                                                                                520                            *27   Co      0.150  0.700                                                                               0.150                                                                               0    98.8  255.6                                                                                210                            *28   Zn      0.150  0.700                                                                               0.150                                                                               0    71.5  162.6                                                                                630                            *29   Ni      0.150  0.700                                                                               0.150                                                                               0    75.5  320.6                                                                                190                            *30   Mg      0.150  0.120                                                                               0.730                                                                               0    28.0 -85.0 1200                            *31   Co      0.150  0.120                                                                               0.730                                                                               0    24.5 -65.8 1000                            *32   Zn      0.150  0.120                                                                               0.730                                                                               0    26.9 -88.9  800                            *33   Ni      0.150  0.120                                                                               0.730                                                                               0    23.6 -56.7  900                            34    Mg      0.100  0.200                                                                               0.700                                                                               0    33.8  -8.5 9800                            ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 3-2                                                        ______________________________________                                                       Composition                                                      Sample        (molar fraction) (Value)                                         No.   A       x      y    z    w    ε.sub.r                                                                     τ.sub.f                                                                           Q.sub.u                        ______________________________________                                         35    Ni      0.100  0.200                                                                               0.700                                                                               0    26.8 -5.6   9500                           *36           0.550  0.450                                                                               0    0    45.8 250.8  1800                           37    Mg      0.490  0.500                                                                               0.010                                                                               0    44.5 42.5   3800                           38    Co      0.490  0.500                                                                               0.010                                                                               0    44.3 42.0   3600                           39    Zn      0.490  0.500                                                                               0.010                                                                               0    43.8 45.9   3300                           40    Ni      0.490  0.500                                                                               0.010                                                                               0    44.5 46.5   3400                           41    Mg      0.300  0.300                                                                               0.400                                                                               0    37.5 -32.0  7000                           42    Co      0.300  0.300                                                                               0.400                                                                               0    38.6 -20.3  5600                           43    Mg      0.400  0.400                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    42.0 0      9600                           44    Co      0.400  0.400                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    43.2 12.6   8500                           45    Zn      0.400  0.400                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    42.0 -5.9   8900                           46    Mg      0.340  0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0    42.6  5.5   7500                           47    Co      0.340  0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0    44.3  8.3   5600                           48    Zn      0.340  0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0    42.9 -3.6   7400                           49    Ni      0.340  0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0    42.4 13.9   4800                           50    Mg      0.450  0.450                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    41.0  6.5   5200                           51    Co      0.450  0.450                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    42.6  9.8   4900                           52    Mg      0.400  0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    41.4 -1.2   8600                           53    Co      0.400  0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    43.5 -3.6   9300                           *54   Mg      0.650  0.200                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    35.8 59.7   1400                           ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 3-3                                                        ______________________________________                                                       Composition                                                      Sample        (molar fraction) (Value)                                         No.   A       x      y    z    w    ε.sub.r                                                                     τ.sub.f                                                                           Q.sub.u                        ______________________________________                                         *55   Co      0.650  0.200                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    29.6 21.3    580                           *56   Zn      0.650  0.200                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    23.2 36.5    860                           57    Mg      0.600  0.300                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    40.2 45.7   4800                           58    Mg      0.100  0.400                                                                               0.500                                                                               0    64.5 49.8   4000                           59    Ni      0.100  0.400                                                                               0.500                                                                               0    53.6 48.6   4500                           *60   Mg      0.050  0.500                                                                               0.450                                                                               0    82.9 153.2   980                           *61   Co      0.050  0.500                                                                               0.450                                                                               0    86.9 213.5   230                           62    Mg      0.450  0.350                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    41.5 -9.8   4900                           63    Zn      0.450  0.350                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    41.3 -21.3  5200                           64    Ni      0.450  0.350                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    42.5 -3.9   4900                           65    Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    43.5 12.5   6000                           66    Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    45.6 26.9   5100                           67    Zn      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    42.5  3.6   5800                           68    Ni      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    42.9 30.6   4800                           69    Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.01 43.5 12.4   6350                           70    Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.01 45.5 26.5   5300                           71    Zn      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.01 42.6  3.6   5900                           72    Ni      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.01 42.9 30.6   5100                           73    Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.05 43.1 10.8   6700                           74    Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.05 45.1 22.6   5600                           ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 3-4                                                        ______________________________________                                                       Composition                                                      Sample        (molar fraction) (Value)                                         No.   A       x      y    z    w    ε.sub.r                                                                     τ.sub.f                                                                           Q.sub.u                        ______________________________________                                         75    Zn      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.05 41.9 2.8    6200                           76    Ni      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.05 41.6 25.8   5500                           77    Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.20 42.6 7.5    6800                           78    Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.20 44.0 20.3   5900                           79    Zn      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.20 40.3 1.8    6500                           80    Ni      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.20 41.2 18.6   5700                           81    Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.50 42.3 1.2    8020                           82    Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.50 42.3 11.9   6300                           83    Zn      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.50 38.0 -1.3   6600                           84    Ni      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.50 40.2 13.5   5900                           85    Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 39.8 -3.5   7200                           86    Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 39.0 5.3    7100                           87    Zn      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 35.0 -5.8   7300                           88    Ni      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 36.7 4.8    6300                           89    Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.50 37.4 -6.8   6400                           90    Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.50 36.5 3.2    6900                           91    Zn      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.50 32.1 -9.8   7200                           92    Ni      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.50 32.6 0.9    6000                           *93   Mg      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.80 33.5 -12.2  1350                           *94   Co      0.350  0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.80 32.6 -5.6   1200                           ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE 3-5                                    __________________________________________________________________________                 Composition                                                        Sample      (molar fraction) (Value)                                           No. A       x   y  z   w  ε.sub.r                                                                    τ.sub.f                                                                         Q.sub.u                                     __________________________________________________________________________     *95 Zn      0.350                                                                              0.450                                                                             0.200                                                                              1.80                                                                              29.6                                                                               -15.6                                                                               1400                                        *96 Ni      0.350                                                                              0.450                                                                             0.200                                                                              1.80                                                                              29.6                                                                               -5.9  850                                         97 Mg.sub.1/2 Co.sub.1/2                                                                  0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              0  43.8                                                                               6.1  6900                                         98 Mg.sub.2/3 Co.sub.1/3                                                                  0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              0  43.4                                                                               5.7  7200                                         99 Mg.sub.1/2Zn.sub.1/2                                                                   0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              0  42.8                                                                               0.5  7200                                        100 Mg.sub.1/3 Co.sub.1/3 Ni.sub.1/3                                                       0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              0  42.9                                                                               8.5  6900                                        101 Mg.sub.1/4 Co.sub.1/4                                                                  0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              0  43.0                                                                               12.0 5900                                            Zn.sub.1/4 Ni.sub.1/4                                                      102 Mg.sub.1/2 Co.sub.1/2                                                                  0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              1.00                                                                              43.2                                                                               2.6  7100                                        103 Mg.sub.1/3 Co.sub.1/3 Ni.sub.1/3                                                       0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              1.00                                                                              40.5                                                                               5.2  7600                                        104 Mg.sub.1/4 Co.sub.1/4                                                                  0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              1.00                                                                              41.2                                                                               2.6  6800                                            Zn.sub.1/4 Ni.sub.1/4                                                      105 Mg.sub.39/40                                                                           0.340                                                                              0.520                                                                             0.140                                                                              0.02                                                                              42.7                                                                               5.4  8500                                            Mn.sub.1/40                                                                106 Mg.sub.443/500                                                                         0.338                                                                              0.517                                                                             0.145                                                                              0.08                                                                              42.6                                                                               5.4  8300                                            Mn.sub.57/500                                                              107 Mg.sub.361/500                                                                         0.334                                                                              0.511                                                                             0.155                                                                              0.23                                                                              42.5                                                                               5.3  8200                                            Mn.sub.139/500                                                             108 Mg.sub.113/200                                                                         0.328                                                                              0.502                                                                             0.170                                                                              0.41                                                                              42.4                                                                               5.1  7900                                            Mn.sub.87/200                                                              __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 3-6                                                        ______________________________________                                         Sam-           Composition                                                     ple            (molar fraction) (Value)                                        No.  A         x      y    z    w    ε.sub.r                                                                     τ.sub.f                                                                          Q.sub.u                        ______________________________________                                          109 Co.sub.487/500                                                                           0.340  0.519                                                                               0.141                                                                               0.02 44.2   8.1 6400                                Mn.sub.13/500                                                              110 Zn.sub.487/500                                                                           0.340  0.519                                                                               0.141                                                                               0.02 42.5  -3.5 8100                                Mn.sub.13/500                                                              111 Ni.sub.487/500                                                                           0.340  0.519                                                                               0.141                                                                               0.02 42.3   9.8 6200                                Mn.sub.13/500                                                              112 Mg.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350  0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 39.8  -3.8 7600                                Mn.sub.17/2000                                                             113 CO.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350  0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 39.2   5.0 7500                                Mn.sub.17/2000                                                            *114 Mn        0.400  0.050                                                                               0.550                                                                               0    27.5 -50.2  320                            115 Mn        0.200  0.600                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    60.4  49.5 3200                           *116 Mn        0.150  0.700                                                                               0.150                                                                               0    78.3  210.9                                                                                280                           *117 Mn        0.100  0.080                                                                               0.820                                                                               0    20.9 -52.3 1200                            118 Mn        0.490  0.500                                                                               0.010                                                                               0    44.7  44.5 3500                            119 Mn        0.350  0.350                                                                               0.300                                                                               0    34.8 -23.8 4800                            120 Mn        0.400  0.400                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    37.3  -9.8 4700                            121 Mn        0.300  0.500                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    46.4  20.5 4500                            122 Mn        0.400  0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    43.8   0.9 6300                           *123 Mn        0.650  0.250                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    30.4 -15.6  360                            124 Mn        0.600  0.300                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    33.1   4.3 4500                           ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 3-7                                                        ______________________________________                                                       Composition                                                      Sample        (molar fraction) (Value)                                         No.   A       x      y    z    w    ε.sub.r                                                                     τ.sub.f                                                                           Q.sub.u                        ______________________________________                                         125   Mn      0.100  0.400                                                                               0.500                                                                               0    48.7 48.6   3600                           *126  Mn      0.050  0.450                                                                               0.500                                                                               0    75.2 183.2   240                           127   Mn      0.450  0.350                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    35.5 -15.6  3900                           128   Mn      0.330  0.470                                                                               0.200                                                                               0    43.5 3.5    5300                           129   Mn      0.330  0.470                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.01 43.5 3.5    5500                           130   Mn      0.330  0.470                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.10 43.5 3.4    5500                           131   Mn      0.330  0.470                                                                               0.200                                                                               0.50 43.8 3.9    5800                           132   Mn      0.330  0.470                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 43.9 3.9    6000                           133   Mn      0.330  0.470                                                                               0.200                                                                               2.00 45.1 5.2    5000                           ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE 4-1                                    __________________________________________________________________________                 Composition                                                        Sample      (molar fraction) (Value)                                           No. A       x   y  z   w  ε.sub.r                                                                    τ.sub.f                                                                         Q.sub.u                                     __________________________________________________________________________     *134                                                                               Mg      0.400                                                                              0.050                                                                             0.550                                                                              0  29.8                                                                               -77.5                                                                                950                                        135 Mg      0.300                                                                              0.100                                                                             0.600                                                                              0  31.0                                                                               -48.5                                                                               7500                                        136 Mg      0.500                                                                              0.100                                                                             0.400                                                                              0  30.2                                                                               -43.5                                                                               6400                                        137 Mg      0.200                                                                              0.600                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  58.9                                                                                48.2                                                                               4100                                        *138                                                                               Mg      0.150                                                                              0.700                                                                             0.150                                                                              0  70.3                                                                                177.9                                                                               680                                        *139                                                                               Mg      0.100                                                                              0.080                                                                             0.820                                                                              0  27.9                                                                               -56.3                                                                               1000                                        140 Mg      0.100                                                                              0.100                                                                             0.800                                                                              0  31.5                                                                               -12.5                                                                               13500                                       *141        0.550                                                                              0.450                                                                             0   0  45.8                                                                                250.8                                                                              1800                                        142 Mg      0.490                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.010                                                                              0  44.8                                                                                45.5                                                                               3900                                        143 Mg      0.350                                                                              0.350                                                                             0.300                                                                              0  36.1                                                                               -26.5                                                                               7800                                        144 Mg      0.400                                                                              0.400                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  38.8                                                                               -14.8                                                                               6700                                        145 Mg      0.300                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  45.5                                                                                16.1                                                                               8200                                        146 Mg      0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  42.5                                                                                  0 8600                                        147 Co      0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  43.5                                                                                  3.5                                                                              8200                                        148 Zn      0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  43.5                                                                                -3.5                                                                               7900                                        149 Ni      0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  40.9                                                                                 1.0                                                                               7600                                        150 Mn      0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  43.8                                                                                 4.5                                                                               6900                                        151 Mg.sub.1/5 Co.sub.1/5 Zn.sub.1/5                                                       0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  42.9                                                                                 0.7                                                                               8900                                            Ni.sub.1/5 Mn.sub.1/5                                                      *152                                                                               Mg      0.650                                                                              0.250                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  32.3                                                                                -4.5                                                                                950                                        153 Mg      0.600                                                                              0.300                                                                             0.100                                                                              0  40.1                                                                                 5.5                                                                               4500                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 4-2                                    __________________________________________________________________________                 Composition                                                        Sample      (molar fraction) (Value)                                           No. A       x   y  z   w  ε.sub.r                                                                    τ.sub.f                                                                         Q.sub.u                                     __________________________________________________________________________     154 Mg      0.100                                                                              0.400                                                                             0.500                                                                              0  62.8                                                                               49.8 3600                                        *155                                                                               Mg      0.050                                                                              0.450                                                                             0.500                                                                              0  73.4                                                                               135.0                                                                                780                                        156 Mg      0.450                                                                              0.350                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  41.5                                                                               -9.8 4900                                        157 Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  42.1                                                                               -1.0 8700                                        158 Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.01                                                                              42.1                                                                               -0.8 8800                                        159 Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.05                                                                              41.8                                                                               -0.5 8950                                        160 Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              41.0                                                                               0    9200                                        161 Co      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              40.5                                                                               4.6  8900                                        162 Zn      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              40.2                                                                               -1.3 8700                                        163 Ni      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              38.4                                                                               6.0  7300                                        164 Mn      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              42.9                                                                               3.5  6300                                        165 Mg.sub.1/5 Co.sub.1/5 Zn.sub.1/5                                                       0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              41.8                                                                               0.9  9500                                            Ni.sub.1/5 Mn.sub.1/5                                                      166 Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.50                                                                              40.0                                                                               1.2  9830                                        167 Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              1.00                                                                              37.8                                                                               4.5  9950                                        *168                                                                               Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              1.10                                                                              32.1                                                                               8.9  1800                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE 5-1                                                        ______________________________________                                                         Composition                                                    Sample          (molar fraction) (Value)                                                                        f     fQu                                     No.   A         x       y    z    w    (G)   (G)                               ______________________________________                                         *169            0.410   0.590                                                                               0    0    3.82  40000                             *170            0.410   0.590                                                                               0    0    1.65  25000                             *171            0.410   0.590                                                                               0    0    0.79   8500                             172   Mg        0.340   0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0    3.85  58500                             173   Mg        0.340   0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0    1.69  51000                             174   Mg        0.340   0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0    0.80  35300                             175   Mg.sub.39/40                                                                             0.340   0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0.02 3.84  60200                                   Mn.sub.1/40                                                              176   Mg.sub.39/40                                                                             0.340   0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0.02 1.68  56100                                   Mn.sub.1/40                                                              177   Mg.sub.39/40                                                                             0.340   0.520                                                                               0.140                                                                               0.02 0.81  48700                                   Mn.sub.1/40                                                              178   Mg        0.350   0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 3.95  60000                             179   Mg        0.350   0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 1.72  54200                             180   Mg        0.350   0.450                                                                               0.200                                                                               1.00 0.90  46300                             181   Mn.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 3.94  60000                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           182   Mg.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 1.72  56800                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           183   Mg.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 0.91  52500                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           ______________________________________                                    

                  TABLE 5-2                                                        ______________________________________                                                         Composition                                                    Sample          (molar fraction) (Value)                                                                        f     fQu                                     No.   A         x       y    z    w    (G)   (G)                               ______________________________________                                         184   Co.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 3.90  56000                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           185   Co.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 1.69  51200                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           186   Co.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 0.87  47200                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           187   Zn.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 0.88  46500                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           188   Ni.sub.1983/2000                                                                         0.350   0.449                                                                               0.201                                                                               1.01 0.85  48000                                   Mn.sub.17/2000                                                           189   Mn        0.400   0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    3.83  51000                             190   Mn        0.400   0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    1.62  45000                             191   Mn        0.400   0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    0.79  35200                             192   Mn        0.400   0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               1.00 3.81  54100                             193   Mn        0.400   0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               1.00 1.62  45300                             194   Mn        0.400   0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               1.00 0.76  38100                             195   Mg.sub.1/5 Co.sub.1/5                                                                    0.400   0.500                                                                               0.100                                                                               0    0.79  54200                                   Zn.sub.1/5 Ni.sub.1/5                                                          Mn.sub.1/5                                                               ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE 6                                      __________________________________________________________________________                  Composition   SnO.sub.2                                           Sample       (molar fraction) (Value)                                                                     molar                                                                              f  fQu                                          No.  A       x   y  z   w  (%) (G)                                                                               (G)                                          __________________________________________________________________________     *196         0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0   0  0.10                                                                               9.002                                                                             55000                                        *197         0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0   0  0.10                                                                               4.036                                                                             27100                                        *198         0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0   0  0.10                                                                               1.524                                                                             15300                                        199          0.400                                                                              0.500                                                                             0   0  0.10                                                                               0.900                                                                             10200                                        200  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  0   8.519                                                                             74100                                        201  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  0   3.884                                                                             51800                                        202  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  0   1.502                                                                             28100                                        203  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0  0   0.788                                                                             25400                                        204  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   8.598                                                                             76200                                        205  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   3.942                                                                             57200                                        206  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   1.511                                                                             31500                                        207  Mg      0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   0.812                                                                             26900                                        208  Mg.sub.1/5 Co.sub.1/5 Zn.sub.1/5                                                       0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   8.622                                                                             81900                                             Ni.sub.1/5 Mn.sub.1/5                                                     209  Mg.sub.1/5 Co.sub.1/5 Zn.sub.1/5                                                       0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   4.098                                                                             63500                                             Ni.sub.1/5 Mn.sub.1/5                                                     210  Mg.sub.1/5 Co.sub.1/5 Zn.sub.1/5                                                       0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   1.763                                                                             56200                                             Ni.sub.1/5 Mn.sub.1/5                                                     211  Mg.sub.1/5 Co.sub.1/5 Zn.sub.1/5                                                       0.330                                                                              0.470                                                                             0.200                                                                              0.20                                                                              0   0.903                                                                             48100                                             Ni.sub.1/5 Mn.sub.1/5                                                     __________________________________________________________________________ 

What is claimed is:
 1. A TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator comprising a dielectric ceramic which comprises a complex oxide consisting essentially of Zr and Ti, at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, and at least one component selected from the group (B) consisting of Nb and Ta.
 2. A TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator comprising dielectric ceramic expressed by Formula (a):

    xZrO.sub.2 --yTiO.sub.2 --zA.sub.(1+w)/3 Nb.sub.(2-w)/3 O.sub.2Formula (a)

wherein A denotes at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, x, y and z denote molar fractions of from 0.10 to 0.60, 0.20 to 0.60 and 0.01 to 0.70, respectively, and have the relation represented by Formula (a):

    x+y+z=1                                                    Formula (a)

and w denotes a value of 0 to 1.50.
 3. A TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator comprising a dielectric ceramic expressed by Formula (b):

    xZrO.sub.2 --YTiO.sub.2 --zA.sub.(1+w)/3 Ta.sub.(2w)/3 O.sub.2Formula (b)

wherein A denotes at least one component selected from the group (A) consisting of Mg, Co, Zn, Ni and Mn, x, y and z denote molar fractions ranging from 0.10 to 0.60, 0.10 to 0.60 and 0.01 to 0.80, respectively, and have the relation represented by Formula (a):

    x+y+z-1 Formula (a)

and w denotes a value of 0 to 1.00.
 4. The TE₀₁ δ-mode dielectric resonator according to claim 1, wherein the complex oxide consists essentially of a ZrTiO₄ phase substituted with at least one component of group (A) and at least one component of group (B), or the main complex oxide consists essentially of a ZrTiO₄ crystal phase substituted with at least one component of group (A) and at least one component of group (B).
 5. The TE01δ-mode dielectric resonator according to claim 1, wherein a molar fraction ratio of the total amount of group (A) components to the total amounts of group (B) components is from 0.5 to 1.0. 